Lift services shall be installed in education buildings generally that are greater than two floors. The primary functions for buildings up to 4 storeys high are to provide disability access, conveyance of heavy or bulky goods and facilitate non-emergency pedestrian flows within the building. For buildings that are over 4 floors in height, the lift services will be used for mass student and staff vertical movements.
This design standard outlines the minimum functional, installation and technical requirements for a new or refurbished vertical transportation installations.
The lift designer must use these standards as the minimum DOE requirements for the system design, it is incumbent upon the designer to ensure that the design satisfies site specific operational, logistical and performance requirements and meets DoE’s transportation objective for the facility.
Where the designer considers that an alternate equipment type is preferred to the equipment type specified in the design standard, the designer will advise the principal of the functional, performance or cost benefit that will be achieved through the use of the alternate equipment type.
In determining the most appropriate equipment types and control systems for a particular installation, the designer shall consider the long-term energy efficiency, maintenance implications, operational efficiency and life cycle costs as well as the initial capital costs.
All new installations and lift modernisations must comply Australian and European Standards, including:
Unless prior approval from the NSW Department of Education is achieved, no lifts shall be of the geared, hydraulic, screw drive or cantilevered type.
All drives are to be high efficiency Variable Voltage Variable Frequency.
Regenerative drives are not mandatory, however, if they are proven beneficial and appropriate for a particular installation, regenerative drives will be encouraged.
A detailed list of how many lifts of the same type and model and in particular with the same control system that have been installed over the past 5 years is required to be supplied by intended installers in order to be considered at the time of tender. The list is to show the address of the lift installations and if the original manufacturer or installer is now maintaining the lift. Preference shall be given to well established lift systems that have a proven track record of reliability and ease of maintenance.
Only a competent, well-established, lift contractor with at least 10 years local lift installation experience shall complete lift installations or modernisations.
The lift contractor shall have the ability to maintain the school campus in compliance with the maintenance agreement, this includes access to replacement materials and resources to provide continuous operations.
All new installations and lift modernisations at any of NSW Department of Education campus shall provide access for persons with disabilities in compliance with AS1428 and A1735.12.
Where compliance with AS1428 and/or AS1735.12 cannot be achieved, approval from the NSW Department of Education in writing is to be provided, and the lift(s) shall still comply with at least the Building Code of Australia requirement for Facilities for People with Disabilities Clause E3.6.
All lift car control buttons shall comply with AS1735.12 Clauses 8.3 Tactile Information and Clause 8.4 Shape of Characters.
All passenger lifts must have lift car audio (voice, not just a sound) position indication regardless of how many floors are served.
Unless prior approval from the NSW Department of Education in writing is provided the following lifts shall not be used for the access of people with disabilities:
Passenger lift cars are to have a minimum size of 1400mm wide by 2000mm deep. Unless prior approval from the NSW Department of Education in writing no passenger lift car shall be smaller than this size. Car sizes may be larger than this as required to suit code requirements and lift traffic studies.
Door openings must comply with AS1735.12. Dual access doors (enter one side and exist the other) should be considered on a project specific basis.
Provision shall be made for the use of stretchers and emergency lifts as detailed in the current National Construction Code, clause E3.2.
All new lift installations and modernisations should have operational life and product support guarantee of minimum 25 years. The designer shall develop the system to accommodate any foreseeable increase in demand/usage so that the system remains functional and effective throughout the operational life.
Where multiple lifts are specified, they shall be grouped to maximise operational and energy efficiency. The objective is to meet peak demands and minimise waiting times.
All lifts are to be numbered consecutively and integrate with any existing lift installation numbering. Each lift door should have the Department's AMS ( asset management system) door number identifier.
Architects, engineers and lift designers must \ensure that all lift doors, landing fixtures and controller cabinets are protected from wind driven rain and water runoff. Refer to Concrete In-Situ SG314 for information on the lift pit requirements.
The finishes must comply with the following requirements.
Item |
Detail |
Side walls and lower half of rear wall |
Vandal-resistant and patterned stainless steel |
Mirror |
Aluminium-framed silver to upper half of rear wall |
Car ceiling |
Fixed “white” coloured or stainless steel |
Handrail |
Linished stainless steel in compliance with the requirements of AS1735.12 |
Car door, car front |
Linished stainless steel |
Skirting |
Linished stainless steel |
Flooring |
Black vinyl. |
Car control panels - main and auxiliary |
Steel, satin finish and complying with AS1735.12 and mounted in vertical alignment |
Car and landing buttons |
Commercially available “third party supplier” items that comply with AS1735.12 and with White/Blue Illumination. Generic lift company manufactured buttons are generally not acceptable |
Car and landing indication |
Commercially available “third party supplier” items that comply with AS1735.12 and with. Generic lift company manufactured indicators are generally not acceptable |
Goods transportation shall be provided as required for the particular projects including mid and high rise schools with wood and metal workshops on the upper floors. As a minimum the following must be provided:
The finishes must comply with the following requirements.
Item |
Detail |
Side walls and lower half of rear wall |
Vandal-resistant and patterned stainless steel |
Mirror |
Aluminium-framed silver to upper half of rear wall |
Car ceiling |
Fixed “white” coloured or stainless steel |
Handrail |
Linished stainless steel in compliance with the requirements of AS1735.12 |
Car door, car front |
Linished stainless steel |
Skirting |
Linished stainless steel |
Bump rails |
Stainless steel installed on side and rear walls. Bumps rails shall be a flat plate of approximately 150mm wide by 6mm thick securely mounted to the lift car walls. |
Flooring |
Galvanised steel floor plate |
Car control panels - main and auxiliary |
Stainless steel, satin finish and complying with AS1735.12 and mounted in vertical alignment |
Car and landing buttons |
Commercially available “third party supplier” items that comply with AS1735.12 and with White/Blue Illumination. Generic lift company manufactured buttons are generally not acceptable |
Car and landing indication |
Commercially available “third party supplier” items that comply with AS1735.12 and with. Generic lift company manufactured indicators are generally not acceptable |
Special applications |
Goods lifts used for chemicals, animals, etc. must use specific fit-for-purpose durable and resistant finishes to resist exposure damage. |
For schools with four or less floors it is recommended that lift services are reserved for students with limited mobility and for staff use only, all other students will typically use the stairs.
Where a school has floor levels above level 4 (including ground floor), the general student body will be using the lifts to access the higher levels. A traffic study must be conducted by a suitably experienced vertical transport engineer using analysis software such as ‘Elevate’.
The traffics study shall consider the following traffic patterns:
Interval is considered a measure of the “quality” of the elevator service when a conventional dispatching system is used.
Handling Capacity is defined as the total number of passengers (expressed as a percentage of the calculated building population) that an elevator system can transport from the main lobby level during a peak 5-minute period assuming, that the elevators cars are not loaded to more than 80% of their rated capacity.
Handling capacity is considered a measure of the “quantity” of lifting that the elevator system provides.
Lifts shall be designed to a maximum of 65% filling capacity to enable sufficient space for students with backpacks.
Due to the high-peak demand cycles of an education building, heavy stair use can be expected. Therefore, stair factors in traffic calculations is allowable but shall be a rational factor based on:
The performance targets nominate a suitable stair factor for each traffic pattern, provided the above points are met.
The traffic profiles for a school building vary depending on the function of the building and the arrangement of the school timetable. Considering an education building with classrooms on all levels and a standard (non-split) timetable, the following performance targets shall be implanted.
Traffic Pattern |
Interval (s) |
Handling Capacity |
Traffic Profile |
Lift Utilisation Factor |
Stair Factor |
||
Incoming |
Outgoing |
Interfloor |
|||||
Morning Up Peak |
50 – 60 |
25% |
100% |
0% |
0% |
90% |
50% |
Break Down Peak |
50 – 60 |
25% |
0% |
100% |
0% |
80% |
70% |
Break Up Peak |
50 – 60 |
25% |
100% |
0% |
0% |
80% |
50% |
Afternoon Down Peak |
50 – 60 |
25% |
F0% |
100% |
0% |
90% |
70% |
Table 1 - Primary School Performance Targets
Traffic Pattern |
Interval (s) |
Handling Capacity |
Traffic Profile |
Utilisation Factor |
Stair Factor |
||
Traffic Profile |
|||||||
Incoming |
Outgoing |
Interfloor |
|||||
Morning Up Peak |
50 – 60 |
15% |
100% |
0% |
0% |
90% |
60% |
Class Change |
50 – 60 |
33% |
10% |
10% |
80% |
25% |
60% |
Break Down Peak |
50 – 60 |
25% |
0% |
100% |
0% |
60% |
80% |
Break Up Peak |
50 – 60 |
25% |
100% |
0% |
0% |
60% |
60% |
Afternoon Down Peak |
50 – 60 |
25% |
0% |
100% |
0% |
80% |
80% |
Table 2 - High School Performance Targets
To improve the efficiency and performance of the vertical transportation system, the designer may consider a ‘skip stop’ arrangement. Generally, in skip stop arrangement the lift system will only service some flows within the building, with the other floors accessed via the stairs.
As a general principle, the lifts in a skip stop arrangement service every third floor. This allows users to catch a lift to a served floor then use the stairs to reach their destination by either:
For a skip-stop arrangement to work effectively the stairs must be suitably wide, easily accessible and located near the lifts.
Other performance considerations that to be discussed with the designer and Department of Education include:
Consult with the School Principal and the Deaprtment of Education to confirm if these considerations apply, the performance targets shall be adjusted to suit specific application.
The following performance criteria shall apply to all passenger lifts:
All new installations of passenger lifts shall have a minimum lift speed of 1.0 m/s.
Door Movement |
Time |
Opening |
2.2 Seconds |
Closing |
2.8 Seconds |
Table 3 - Door Times
For lifts installed in line and arranged interconnected in operation, the following door dwell times shall be used:
Action |
Dwell Time |
Car Call |
6.0 Seconds |
Lobby Call |
6.0 Seconds |
Table 4 - Door Dwell Times (no advanced warning)
Where the lifts provide an advanced warning of at least 3 seconds prior to arrival, the dwell times shall be:
Action |
Dwell Time |
Car Call |
3.0 Seconds |
Lobby Call |
3.0 Seconds |
Table 5 - Door Dwell Times (advanced warning)
Where more than 3 lifts are installed in line and arranged in interconnected operation, the door dwell times of the lifts furthermost from the centre of the lift lobby must be increased by 2 seconds.
At all levels served, irrespective of the direction of travel, and for all loading conditions, the car door sill shall be:
Automatic relevelling may be used to achieve this tolerance on levelling accuracy
The ambient noise inside the lift car shall not exceed 55 dBA
The following parameters shall stay within the specified limits:
Maximum vertical acceleration |
< 1.0 m/s2 |
Maximum jerk rate |
< 1.2 m/s3 |
Maximum Lateral Vibration |
< 10 milli-g |
Maximum Vertical Vibration |
< 15 milli-g |
Table 6 - Acceleration, Jerk and Vibration
Only non-proprietary lift equipment, or lift equipment that has been available locally for at least 5 years in Australia, or lift equipment that has a ready supply of spare parts to local lift companies, other than the original manufacturer, may be used. Lift equipment refers to any and all parts of the entire lift installation, in particular the controllers, drivers and its various component parts.
Lifts shall be equipped with LED lights that illumine the lift car in accordance with AS1735.12.
The lighting system shall operate automatically in response to the passenger demand of the lift. Key switches shall not be provided except for isolation of the lights to enable testing and maintenance.
All lift cars shall have an emergency lighting feature that shall be energised automatically following the failure of the mains supply to the normal car lighting and shall provide constant illumination of 20 Lux at the COP for a duration of not less than 2 hours.
The luminaries for the emergency lighting shall be located and rated such that, in addition to providing general illumination of the car, they shall provide sufficient luminance to distinguish the car threshold and all communication and control features within the lift car.
Provision shall be made for a suitable means of simulating mains failure for testing the emergency lighting system for both luminance and duration.
The Lift Contractor shall provide a 'hands free' communication system.
The hands free system shall be activated by a telephone / alarm push button incorporating an appropriate legend in accordance with EN81-20. Continuous activation of the telephone push button for a nominal period of 3 to 5 seconds shall initiate automatic, sequential dialling to a minimum of three numbers.
The system shall be available at all times, including during a loss of mains power supply. The system shall utilize a suitable cellular network and not rely on any base building communication network or National Broadband Network (NBN).
Telephone buttons, speakers and microphones, shall be located in the car- operating panel and shall interface with the telephone system as required by EN81-20 in relation to connection feedback and confirmation.
A suitable notice shall be engraved in the car informing passengers how the hands free telephone is operated. The wording, size and location of the notice shall be agreed with the Engineer.
A cellular gateway device must be provided and mounted in an appropriate location to ensure that a reliable cellular network signal is maintained. The Lift Contractor must provide all wiring from the gateway device to the lift shaft, the gateway device must be provided to terminals and travelling cables with a termination point in the lift machinery space. Where there are two or more lifts installed the gateway device may be common to multiple lifts.
The communications system shall automatically identify the lift and its location and relay this to the answering service.
The operation of the communication system shall allow the Lift Contractors call centre to dial into any lift car at any time.
The communication system shall include remote stations on the car top and in the pit.
The system shall be of the latest technology and not include any reliance on technology that is slated for disconnection in the near future.
The lifts are to have provision for protective curtains in all lift cars to protect their finishes. Each building which has lifts is to have minimum of one (1) set of lift protective curtains. Therefore, if only one lift in the building it must have set of curtains supplied with the lift.
All required notices in the landing buttons panels and lift car operating panels are to be engraved. No stick-on labels will be accepted.
This applies to such notices as the Statutory warning against the use of lifts in a fire, lift number, building address, emergency telephone instructions, lift car load details etc.
A facility shall be provided to automatically move the lift car to a floor when the car has stopped between floors due to a failure of the normal power supply.
The emergency operation is performed at low speed and all safety functions shall remain operational to prevent an unsafe condition occurring. When the car has reached a floor the doors shall be opened.
The lift shall return into normal service automatically following re-instatement of the power supply.
The lift well shall be provided with permanently installed electric lighting in accordance with EN81-20. The lighting will provide illumination of the well and car roof so that, at any point in the car’s travel within the well, the following intensity of illumination shall be achieved:
This illumination must be achieved with all doors closed.
Machinery spaces and pulley rooms shall be provided with permanently installed electric lighting with an intensity of at least 200 lux at floor level everywhere a person needs to work and 50 lux at floor level to move between working areas. In the case of MRL lifts, this machinery space is part of the well, and therefore, this lighting may be part of the lighting of the well.
To achieve this illumination, a sufficient number of lamps shall be fixed throughout the well and where necessary additional lamp(s) may be fixed on the car roof as a part of the well lighting system.
Lighting elements shall be protected against mechanical damage.
Well lighting switches (or equivalent) shall be located both in the pit and close to the main switch (within the lift controller cabinet for MRL lifts) so that the well light can be operated from either location. The pit lighting switch shall be positioned within a maximum horizontal distance of 0.75m from the pit access door frame inner edge and at a minimum height of 1.0m above the access floor level.
The electric lighting supply to the well, machinery spaces and pulley rooms, shall be independent of the supply to the machine.
In the case additional lamps are installed on the car roof, they shall be connected to the car light circuit and switched from the car roof. The switch(es) shall be in an easily accessible position not more than 1.0m from the entry point(s) for inspection or maintenance personnel.
Maintenance of lift car, shaft, pit and machine space lighting is to be included as part of the lift maintenance contract for each lift installation.
Where the building design and budget allows, glass lift cars, shafts and doors can be used. All glass shall be specified in accordance with EN81-20.
Where glass cars and glass shafts are installed, analysis is required to determine the severity of potential solar gain in the lift shaft and car. Mechanically ventilation of the lift shaft is required to remove heat generated by AC unit.
All Fire Service keys are to be TOK 3. All other lift control keys are to be TOK 6.
The MRL lift controller door lock(s) must be keyed the same as other DoE controller door locks.
All CCTV use in schools should comply with the Department Legal Services Legal Issues Bulletin 41.
Suitable cabling shall be provided by the Lift Contractor, within the travelling cables to suit the provision of a monitoring camera installed in the lift car.The Lift Contractor shall include for fitting a camera within the lift car. The camera will be supplied by others.
The Lift Contractor will be responsible for liaising with the security contractor to ensure the correct cabling is provided.The CCTV camera feed will be connected to a master station at a nominated location within the school.
All new lift installations and modernisations shall be equipped with security access control in the form of proximity card readers positioned adjacent to the external cell call button on all floors. The call button must not activate without a valid proximity card/fob being presented to the reader.
When the security access control system is activated it will restrict access to specified floors by disabling the lift car buttons. Authorised persons and students will access restricted floors by presenting a valid proximity card which will enable the lift car button/s for the floors to which the passenger is granted access.
Where two (2) card readers are specified, each card reader will operate independently of the other.
The security operation is described below:
When the security access control system is active the lift control system shall not automatically zone lifts to park at levels that are secured unless special measures are used to ensure there are no passengers in the lift car.
The access control system must be integrated into the schools alarm system abd comply with the School Security Unit's Specifications and Guidelines, Section 8 Access Control Systems.
Lift Contractor’s are responsible for liaising with the security contractor to ensure sufficient space is provided within car operating panels for security card readers.
All lifts (excluding Service Lifts) are to have certain functions monitored by a campus Building Management System (BMS). The BMS shall be located in one particular place on campus. The system interfacing will run on the communication protocol active on the campus (i.e. BACnet).
The following lift functions and operations shall be monitored by the BMS:
The level of the interface (high or low) is to be determined on a campus by campus basis depending on the requirements of the campus.
Hazardous Goods Operation is to be used only by authorised personnel and is restricted by security swipe cards as described in this section. The lift contractor shall liaise with the client to ensure that all required features of the system suit the building operational requirements.
The hazardous goods operation mode shall be controlled as follows:
1. When the hazardous goods feature is not active, the designated lift will operate normally and where applicable as part of a lift group.
2. The attendant calls the lift using the card reader in the hall operating panel. A tone shall sound when the card reader is activated. The landing indicators for the lift shall display “Warning! Hazardous goods operation. Use other lift.”
3. The lift will deliver any current passengers to their required destination, and then travel to the floor at which the hazardous goods call was made. All other lift car calls will be cancelled and new lift car calls will not be accepted. If the lift is idle, it will immediately travel to the floor at which the hazardous goods call was made
4. The lift will park at the called floor and open its doors.
5. The car indicator shall display “Warning! Hazardous goods operation initiated” The car announcement shall say “hazardous goods operation”. This audio announcement shall repeat approximately every 10 seconds.
6. The lift will remain ‘captive’ in hazardous goods operation mode for 60 seconds. If the process does not proceed to the next stage, the lift will return to normal service.
7. The attendant enters the car and swipes the hazardous goods card reader in the car operating panel. A tone shall sound when the card reader is activated.
8. Car indicator to change to display “Warning! Hazardous goods loading in progress”. Voice announcements to continue as per step 5.
9. The goods are loaded into the car.
10. The attendant exits the car and checks no one is in the car with the hazardous goods.
11. The attendant swipes the card reader in the hall operating panel. A tone shall sound when the card reader is activated.
12. The doors of the lift close, and the lift will remain parked at the current floor. The car indicator shall display “Warning! Hazardous goods operation in progress”. The car door open buttons will remain active.
13. The attendant travels via another lift or stairs to the destination floor.
14. The attendant swipes the card reader in the hall operating panel of the destination floor. A tone shall sound when the card reader is activated.
15. The lift travels to the destination floor.
16. The doors open.
17. The attendant removes the hazardous goods from the lift.
18. The attendant swipes the card reader in the car operating panel to deactivate the hazardous goods operation and return the lift normal service. A tone shall sound when the card reader is activated. The car indicator and landing indicators shall return to normal.
The hazardous goods operation will not initiate if
Selection of the hall fire service mode while the lift is in hazardous goods operation will return the lift to a designated floor for unloading.
If the hall fire service mode is selected while the lift is on hazardous goods operation, there will be an announcement in the lift car, advising the attendant (passenger) to abandon the use of the lift and exit the lift before the doors close and the lift returns to the designated floor.
Service lifts shall be provided as required for particular projects. These lifts are restricted for staff use only. As a minimum the following must be provided:
Where a high school has multiple science labs on multiple floors a dedicated lift for the movement of chemicals and equipment is to be provided.
This lift is restricted to staff access only and should have a proximity reader or keyed switch
Service lifts for use in transporting laboratory equipment must be sized to accommodate a large laboratory trolley. This lift is not for people, only chemicals and equipment that is transported on trolleys.
The dimensions of a large 3 shelf laboratory trolley is as follows: 1100mm x 520mm x 1020mm high.
Figure 1 - Large 3 Shelf Laboratory Trolley
A service lift for this application shall have a minimum size of 1200mm x 600mm x 1500mm high.
The size of the service lift may exceed this, but it may not exceed the requirements of Class 2 Service Lifts as specified in AS1735.4
Platform lifts shall be provided as required for particular projects where deliveries of large and bulky items is required . As a minimum the following must be provided:
On completion of the lift installation a complete set of as-installed documentation is to be provided to the DoE in electronic format.
The following design documents must be provided:
The following documents must be provided at practical completion:
a) Completed project specification check sheets for lift plant and equipment verified by the project consultant/designer, including the rectification of identified defects including:
b) Operation and Maintenance manuals.
c) Commissioning records.
d) Product Manufacturer specific information.
e) System schematics.
f) Complete As-built workshop drawings.
g) Electrical and wiring diagrams.
h) Lift functionality and operation description.
i) Plant registration documentation.
j) Hazard and risk assessment provided by lift contactor.
k) Work Cover registration.
l) Installer’s statutory certificates.
m) Safe-to-Operate certification.
DoE Asset Management Unit is to be involved in the commissioning of all lift installations. At least 2 weeks prior notice is to be given to DoE Asset Management Unit of any commissioning of lifts.
The lift contractor shall carry out such tests as required by EN81-20.
The lift contractor shall allow access to lift spaces for the consultant to inspect the lift prior to final handover.
A training session or sessions to be provided for DoE maintenance personnel and the School staff. This training session/s is to be at no additional cost to the DoE. The training session is to include the operation of the lift and its controls, keys and locks, cleaning of all finishes, operation in an emergency (such as fire or power failure), hanging/cleaning/storage of protective curtains, etc. The Lift contractor is to allow for at least 2 sessions of 2 hours each. Written documentation of the training details is to be provided.
All new lift equipment must be able to be fully and effectively repaired, serviced and maintained, in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of each designer, supplier, manufacturer and installer of the lift equipment (including as set out in the Operation and Maintenance Manuals required under the contract) by any qualified and competent lift maintenance contractor. There shall be no need to rely on or use devices or intellectual property of a proprietary nature such as, but not limited to, tools, instruments, pass words, software, keys and access cards, even if only required on very infrequent occasions.
The Department or its maintenance contractor must not be required to pay and/or enter into contractual arrangements with the designer, supplier, manufacturer or installer of the lift equipment in order to perform repair, service or maintain the lift equipment.
The Department will consider new lift equipment, which is not compliant with the independent maintainability requirement in Independent Maintainability above if:
The following procedures shall be included in any new lift construction specification to assist the integration of any new lifts into the existing lift maintenance program.
The SINSW Asset Management Unit must review all documentation regarding the lift tender and specifications. Information must be made available with at least two week’s prior notice of the assessment date.
The SINSW Asset Management Unit is to be involved in the commissioning of all lift installations. At least 2 weeks prior notice is to be given prior to any commissioning of lifts.
Prior to commissioning of any lift (at least 1 week) SINSW Asset Management Unit is to be provided with at least one copy of the Operational and Maintenance Manuals for that particular lift.
Any lift in Defects Liability Period must comply with the procedures for recording and reporting of the existing lifts that are in place for the DoE at the time of tender. It is the contractor's responsibility to ensure that the procedures being applied are current and the latest available.
All maintenance and inspections are to be carried out as per the Maintenance Schedule. All scheduled maintenance are to be initialled and dated in the appropriate column in the Maintenance Schedule by the person carrying out the work.
The Contractor shall when required by the Departments Representative and at no greater than 12 monthly intervals inspect the entire lift equipment in company with the DoE’s Asset Management representative to ascertain the condition in which the equipment is being maintained. Such an inspection shall not in any way relieve the Contractor of its obligations to perform the Lift Services.
The Contractor shall immediately prior to the completion of the Defects Liability Period inspect the entire lift equipment in company with the DoE's Representative to ascertain the condition in which the equipment is being maintained.
The responsibility for arranging such inspections shall rest with the Contractor. The Contractor must give a minimum of two (2) weeks notice to the DoE’s Asset Management representative of such any inspection.
Final completion at the end of the Defects Liability Period will not be granted without this inspection being satisfactorily completed and all defects rectified.
Each building with a lift installation shall have a collection of spare parts stored on within the building at a location confirmed by the School Principal. These spare parts shall include, but are not limited to: